Early Phase of Healthcare-Related Service Design
Alhonsuo, Mira (2021)
Alhonsuo, Mira
Lapin yliopisto
2021
ISBN:978-952-337-296-2
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-296-2
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-296-2
Tiivistelmä
Healthcare organizations are under constant pressure to develop and reform. The object to be developed may vary from the hospital’s signs to national social and healthcare reforms. Service design and co-design provide one way to research and develop healthcare services. These different ways of approaching development can support and inspire people to participate in the development process.
This research focused on examining the early phase of healthcarerelated service design and determining what is needed before starting an actual design process in a healthcare organization. The focus was narrowed to looking at the perspectives of healthcare professionals as well as how they can be introduced to service design and co-design and, thus, how to arouse their interest in design-driven development activities. These perspectives generated the main research question: How can service design and co-design approaches support the early phase of healthcarerelated service development?
This article-based research is grounded in constructivism and encompasses a qualitative research project using case study and ethnography as the methodological choices. The research was carried out through four sub-studies, formulated as academic publications. Sub-study I investigated service design tools and collaborative practices used to support and develop customer journeys and hospital management practices. Sub-study II aimed to understand how patients’ experiences and co-design methods were used in the pre-construction phase of a new hospital. Sub-studies III and IV were conducted through three design sprints and assessed, for instance, the involvement of healthcare professionals as part of the design sprints and what were the strengths and weaknesses of the design sprints, especially in relation to the development of healthcare services.
The findings from these sub-studies yielded the following conclusions. First, benchmarking is an important process both for developing hospital management practices and for selecting efficient design-based methods during the development process. Second, design methods are a way to create and share a vision, understand service ecosystems, concretize services, and gather evidence of the benefits of service design and co-design. Third, the pressured timescale and limited healthcare resources challenge participation in co-design and the usage of design methods. Lastly, the design sprint in healthcare is an efficient process for knowledge and information sharing, understanding the design process, learning different design methods, and creating synergy among stakeholders. Design sprints can, therefore, be seen as an intensive introduction to the service design field and co-design.
The principle result of this research is a practical framework for the early phase of healthcare-related service design – before the actual development process. The framework introduces three main sub-phases: benchmarking, preparation, and design sprint. The framework allows for observing the different levels of service ecosystems, clarifying the early phase of healthcare-related service design, such as the dimensions of the service to be developed and the resources needed during the development process, and discussing the design methods suitable for everyday work.
This research focused on examining the early phase of healthcarerelated service design and determining what is needed before starting an actual design process in a healthcare organization. The focus was narrowed to looking at the perspectives of healthcare professionals as well as how they can be introduced to service design and co-design and, thus, how to arouse their interest in design-driven development activities. These perspectives generated the main research question: How can service design and co-design approaches support the early phase of healthcarerelated service development?
This article-based research is grounded in constructivism and encompasses a qualitative research project using case study and ethnography as the methodological choices. The research was carried out through four sub-studies, formulated as academic publications. Sub-study I investigated service design tools and collaborative practices used to support and develop customer journeys and hospital management practices. Sub-study II aimed to understand how patients’ experiences and co-design methods were used in the pre-construction phase of a new hospital. Sub-studies III and IV were conducted through three design sprints and assessed, for instance, the involvement of healthcare professionals as part of the design sprints and what were the strengths and weaknesses of the design sprints, especially in relation to the development of healthcare services.
The findings from these sub-studies yielded the following conclusions. First, benchmarking is an important process both for developing hospital management practices and for selecting efficient design-based methods during the development process. Second, design methods are a way to create and share a vision, understand service ecosystems, concretize services, and gather evidence of the benefits of service design and co-design. Third, the pressured timescale and limited healthcare resources challenge participation in co-design and the usage of design methods. Lastly, the design sprint in healthcare is an efficient process for knowledge and information sharing, understanding the design process, learning different design methods, and creating synergy among stakeholders. Design sprints can, therefore, be seen as an intensive introduction to the service design field and co-design.
The principle result of this research is a practical framework for the early phase of healthcare-related service design – before the actual development process. The framework introduces three main sub-phases: benchmarking, preparation, and design sprint. The framework allows for observing the different levels of service ecosystems, clarifying the early phase of healthcare-related service design, such as the dimensions of the service to be developed and the resources needed during the development process, and discussing the design methods suitable for everyday work.
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